Sabtu, 12 Oktober 2013

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Memoirs of a Scientology Warrior, by Mark Rathbun

An insider look at Scientology’s infamous war apparatus. This autobiographical history of Scientology is told by one of L. Ron Hubbard’s staunchest defenders.

  • Sales Rank: #173834 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-05-28
  • Released on: 2013-05-28
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
Mark ‘Marty’ Rathbun was Inspector General of the Religious Technology Center (RTC), the organization that controls the copyrights and trademarks of the materials relating to Dianetics and Scientology. His role was to head the Inspector General Network, described by the Church of Scientology as "an independent investigatory and policing body whose function is to keep Scientology working by ensuring the pure and ethical use of Dianetics and Scientology technology." The post is one of the most senior management functions in the Church and its related organizations. Rathbun left the Church of Scientology in 2004. He is now an independent Scientologist. As such he and his wife, Monique, provide counseling and auditing services for other Scientologists that have cut their ties with the Church of Scientology. He emerged as a critical source in a 2009 Tampa Bay Times expose on the organization, revealing that physical violence is a common occurrence within Scientology management, and that Scientology head David Miscavige regularly beats his staff, and orders staff to administer beatings to designated individuals. The series by the Times titled "Inside Scientology: The Truth Rundown" (http://tinyurl.com/mjcnfv) was recognized with honors including the 2010 Gold Medal for Public Service award from the Florida Society of News Editors, and was a finalist for the 2010 National Headliner Awards in the category of investigative reporting. Rathbun has also been profiled by the following publications: The UK Independent weekly magazine: http://tinyurl.com/cwahwzy Texas Monthly magazine: http://tinyurl.com/758rb75 The Village Voice: http://tinyurl.com/5tjnhuc Rathbun operates a blog called Moving On Up a Little Higher: markrathbun.wordpress.com

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38 of 41 people found the following review helpful.
For Believers Only
By Steve Harrison
The key to understanding this book is that its title is truthful: the author, while no longer a top official of the Church of Scientology, is -- still -- a Scientology Warrior. This is not of the "I-was-a-Scientologist-until-I-realized-it-is-phony" genre.

Rathbun is a true believer. He compares L. Ron Hubbard to the Buddha. His descriptions of Scientology's teachings are supportive and sympathetic. He even seems to accept the Xenu story, suggesting that it is in essence consistent with Gnostic philosophy (which is true, though the same can be said more convincingly of Mormonism; in any event, Rathbun does not explain why the fact that it echoes a recurrently-popular idea over two thousand years old proves that it was a cosmic insight of L. Ron Hubbard). The books' theme is that David Miscavige has perverted and largely destroyed a religion that could have brought wisdom and health to the world, mostly by defeating psychiatrists. Rathbun's animus against them stems from his dislike of the psychiatrist who treated his brother, who was apparently psychotic; this is a principal subject of the book's five introductory biographical chapters, which is, with all due respect, about three too many. They do explain, though, that like so many of the people who have joined and left Scientology Rathbun was a rootless child from a dysfunctional family who lacked education beyond High School.

Much of the book deals with Rathbun's involvement in coordinating legal matters, mostly lawsuits against Hubbard and Scientology. Although he has no legal training his experience gave him a good understanding of litigation. His descriptions of law, procedure, and strategy, as well as of the kinds of debates and discussions that go on behind the scenes before and during trials, are accurate.

The book discusses a few of Scientology's embarrassing episodes and acknowledges that they occurred with Hubbard's knowledge and approval, and generally at his inspiration. But it presents them as unfortunate excesses committed as overreactions to nefarious acts of Scientology's vicious and unprincipled "enemies," including psychiatrists, law enforcement, and various state and federal government agencies. Rathbun tells us that he has seen documents proving that the psychiatrists, etc., did lots of bad things but that the documents couldn't actually be revealed, you see, because even though they were stolen by Scientologists (one of those unfortunate excesses) to prove these things, revealing them would harm Scientology.

The book's editors are Scientologist friends of Rathbun; his prose is clear and easily-read but a professional might have pointed out that it does not always recognize where real English stops and Scientology jargon begins. The proofreading is not perfect; there are, at least at the moment, a few typos and places where information is repeated, clearly inadvertently, but not enough to be bothersome.

23 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
What a read!
By Amazon Customer
Loved this book. It reads like an action adventure story. Filled with a "what next" adventure while giving the non-fiction back story on the inside workings of the Church of Scientology from the only man who could tell it. We are blessed that Mark/Marty is in a position and willing to share his story. I enjoyed and I learned and more than once had tears rolling down my cheeks. What more could I ask for?

And, for the record, it is shocking for anyone Scientologist or just interested human being to discover the depth of depravity within the church.

20 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
Honest reflections by a key former Scientologist
By M. Fisher
Memoirs of a Scientology Warrior is a MUST READ for any current or former members of Scientology. Marty Rathbun goes into detail concerning the major legal situations that confronted Scientology in the 70s and 80s. Many of us in Scientology were told to ignore what was going on and were fed a public relations line about what we should think about the dirty and dark activities of Scientology. In this book we get the facts from a key player. The book is also an honest reflection on Marty's many years in Scientology and, after time for examination, a clearer sense about L.Ron Hubbard, his life and technology. The information about LRH in his later years including his interview with one of the last people to live with LRH is page turning and enlightening.

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Kamis, 10 Oktober 2013

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  • Sales Rank: #2020624 in Books
  • Published on: 2014
  • Original language: Italian
  • Binding: Hardcover

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Rabu, 09 Oktober 2013

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Using the trials of Job as their guide, Glandion Carney and William Long help readers learn to trust in God anew after experiences of suffering or loss. Includes study questions for individuals or groups.

  • Sales Rank: #2543460 in Books
  • Published on: 1995-07
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x 5.50" w x .75" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 224 pages

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Senin, 07 Oktober 2013

[F607.Ebook] Ebook A Dime a Dozen, by Nikki Grimes

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A Dime a Dozen, by Nikki Grimes

Celebrated author Nikki Grimes turns her soulful, searching gaze to themes of destiny and determination sure to strike a chord in anyone going through the difficult, joyous struggle of growing up. Reflecting on her own childhood experiences, she offers twenty-eight poems exploring the pleasures and pains of charting your own path--and taking a few lumps along the way. In words straight from the heart and straight from the hip, this honest, uplifting collection will spark ideas, light a path, and encourage young readers to discover the person they might someday become. Nikki Grimes created this collection expressly to speak to the lives of older children. She is an acclaimed author, poet, lecturer, and educator who was born and raised in New York City. Nikki Grimes lives in Seattle, Washington. Angelo lives in New York City.

  • Sales Rank: #3014456 in Books
  • Brand: Dial
  • Published on: 1998-10-01
  • Released on: 1998-10-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.62" h x .46" w x 5.88" l, .50 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 56 pages
Features
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From School Library Journal
Grade 5-9-Written in the first-person voice of an African-American girl, these 28 poems celebrate family, culture, writing, and the spirit of a creative, introspective child. They should be read in the order in which they are arranged to appreciate the power and overall loose plot. "Part I: Genius" introduces readers to the main character and her family. "Part II: The Secret" explores the private, painful stories of the family and ends with the parents' divorce. "Part III: A Dime a Dozen" explores identity and culture. Grimes's carefully crafted word placement matches the rhythms and messages of the poems. In "Stroll," words are offset from the left margin, symbolizing the protagonist's individual pace, which is unique and different from that of her mother. From protecting oneself from the risks of love in "Foster Home," to a daughter's yearning for her mother's pride in the title piece, emotion flows through these verses. The melodic rhythms gracefully sing when read aloud. Resembling photographs, the soft black-and-white illustrations portray the family members and offer images of the words without infringing on readers' imaginations or personal reactions to the poetry. Librarians and English teachers may consider planning a program to explore this book and Grimes's novel, Jazmin's Notebook (Dial, 1998) for similarities and differences. A quietly profound, heartfelt work.
Shawn Brommer, Southern Tier Library System, Painted Post, NY
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.

About the Author
Nikki Grimes is the award-winning, New York Times bestselling author of dozens of children’s and young adult books as well as a poet and journalist.
 
Among the many accolades she has received are the Golden Dolphin Award (2005),the NCTE Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children (2006), the Coretta Scott King Award (2003) for Bronx Masquerade, and the Horace Mann Upstanders Award (2011) for Almost Zero: A Dyamonde Daniel Book. Additionally, her book Barack Obama: Son of Promise, Child of Hope (illustrated by Bryan Collier) was a New York Times bestseller, and she was acknowledged as an NAACP Image Award Finalist in 1993 for her book Malcolm X: a Force for Change. Her books Meet Danitra Brown (illustrated by Floyd Cooper), Jazmin's Notebook, Talkin' About Bessie (illustrated by E.B. Lewis), Dark Sons, The Road to Paris, and Words with Wings were each awarded Coretta Scott King Honors. Visit her online at www.nikkigrimes.com.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Fast shipping
By Adele
Fast shipping, book was new. My daughter was not crazy about the book itself, but it seems like a good selection of poems.

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Kamis, 03 Oktober 2013

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From the Preface: NOAA is nearing 50 years of scientific diving operations, working in waters throughout the continental United States, offshore oceans, and even international waters while serving U.S. territories. In this time, the diving program has grown from a few volunteer researchers to one of the largest, safest, best-equipped, and most respected dive operations on the planet. This Fifth Edition of the NOAA Diving Manual continues to build on those earlier efforts, combining new developments and cutting edge methods as well as commonly used procedures to provide a reference text that is useful to divers and diving scientists not just within NOAA, but for all those involved in exploring the seas and fresh water bodies of Earth. The Fifth Edition took over four years to complete. During the process, leading recognized experts both within and outside of NOAA were asked to review, revise, and update each of the chapters in the manual. In some cases, new chapters were proposed, and others combined. After this first draft was received, each chapter underwent comprehensive editing, in some cases passing through more than five levels of review. The result is a document that is broad, wide-ranging, and current in state-of-the-art scientific and working diver information and procedures. Within the NOAA structure, this manual is meant to be used in conjunction with the NOAA Scientific Diving Standards and Safety Manual and the NOAA Working Diving Standards and Safety Manual, both of which were developed concurrently with this edition of the NOAA Diving Manual. Conceptually, this manual provides general safety information and background on all aspects of diving, while the two standards and safety manuals outline the specific rules and procedures under which NOAA divers operate. While Imperial units have been used throughout the text, conversions for the International System of Units (SI, from the French Le Système international d unités) have also been included. This resource could not have been developed without the assistance and efforts of a broad panel of experts. These contributors are recognized in the Acknowledgements section of the manual. Likewise, an extended team assisted in editing and review. They are also listed in the Acknowledgements. The NOAA Diving Program (NDP) office and staff provided significant support, as did members of the NOAA Diving Control and Safety Board (NDCSB).

  • Sales Rank: #425961 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-06-10
  • Dimensions: 11.00" h x 1.50" w x 8.40" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 875 pages

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
WOW!!!!!
By D. Ritt
My son and I are both Master Divers. He is taking another diving course and they are using this manual. He told me how fantastic is was. I must agree. Well written, beautiful illustrations, excellent pictures. It is a pleasure to read. It really fills in a lot (especially on dive physiology) that was never covered in the PADI courses.

Excellent job NOAA!

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
NOAA: on top!
By Albrecht Salm
absolute topical information, high quality pictures & text!
As well new are the NOAA EAN/Nitrox dive tables
If you do have the last release (Version 4) get yourself this newest edition!
It is a must for scientific & commercial divers, as well for diving instructors!

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent review
By Reza Gorji
An awesome diving textbook. Highly recommended.

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Senin, 23 September 2013

[X211.Ebook] Download Ebook HPLC Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis, by George Lunn, Norman R. Schmuff

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HPLC Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis, by George Lunn, Norman R. Schmuff

Lets you target the specific information you need quickly and easily -so you can stay in the lab and out of the library.
This invaluable database -available in print and electronic form -gives you fast, hands-on access to the most significant literature available on HPLC for the analysis of over 150 of the most frequently prescribed pharmaceutical compounds. Combining full descriptions of procedures with specially annotated references, HPLC Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis helps you to identify the techniques that are relevant to your individual project needs -eliminating hours of tedious, time-consuming library research. Analytical chemists and researchers will find a battery of useful features that make this practical new resource a welcome addition to their reference library: Techniques for each compound are described in detail -enabling replication of a procedure without reference to the original publication
* Detailed procedures for each drug are listed together -making it easy to combine features of different methods into a customized approach
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* Other key information includes chemical structures, molecular weights and formulas, CAS Registry Numbers, and cross-references to The Merck Index and Chemistry of Drug Synthesis
The electronic version, available on CD-ROM, allows you to search the entire database by compound, matrix, HPLC variables, and author.

  • Sales Rank: #3814856 in Books
  • Published on: 1997-06-23
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 10.30" h x 3.30" w x 7.30" l, 6.68 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 1632 pages

Review
". . . highly recommended. . . " -- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1998, 41, 654

".. . each monograph is easy to-read and the information it contains is very well laid out. . . " -- The Alchemist, November '97

From the Back Cover
Lets you target the specific information you need quickly and easily --so you can stay in the lab and out of the library.

This invaluable database --available in print and electronic form --gives you fast, hands-on access to the most significant literature available on HPLC for the analysis of over 150 of the most frequently prescribed pharmaceutical compounds. Combining full descriptions of procedures with specially annotated references, HPLC Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis helps you to identify the techniques that are relevant to your individual project needs --eliminating hours of tedious, time-consuming library research. Analytical chemists and researchers will find a battery of useful features that make this practical new resource a welcome addition to their reference library: Techniques for each compound are described in detail --enabling replication of a procedure without reference to the original publication
* Detailed procedures for each drug are listed together --making it easy to combine features of different methods into a customized approach
* Drug assay methods are provided for drugs in biological fluids such as blood or urine, as well as for bulk and formulated drugs
* Other key information includes chemical structures, molecular weights and formulas, CAS Registry Numbers, and cross-references to The Merck Index and Chemistry of Drug Synthesis

The electronic version, available on CD-ROM, allows you to search the entire database by compound, matrix, HPLC variables, and author.

About the Author
GEORGE LUNN, PhD, a consultant and scientific writer, currently works for the FDA and is a former senior research scientist for Program Resources Inc., NCI, at the Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center in Maryland. He is the coauthor of Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, also published by Wiley.
NORMAN SCHMUFF, PhD, is currently Technical Project Leader for the Multiagency Electronic Regulatory Submission Project and a chemistry reviewer in the Division of Antiviral Drug Products of the Food and Drug Administration. His previous positions include manager of Chemical Information Services at Questel, Inc. and senior scientist at American Cyanamid's Lederle Laboratories.

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[E145.Ebook] Ebook The Black Death 1346-1353: The Complete History, by Ole J. Benedictow

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The Black Death 1346-1353: The Complete History, by Ole J. Benedictow

Unique, sensational and shocking, this revelatory book provides, for the first time, a complete Europe-wide history of the Black Death. The author's painstakingly comprehensive research throws fresh light on the nature of the disease, its origin, its spread, on an almost day-to-day basis, across Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East and North Africa, its mortality rate and its impact on history. These latter two aspects are of central importance here, for it is demonstrated that the plague's death rates have consistently been under-estimated and that they were in fact much higher, making the disease's long-term effects on history even more profound.

  • Sales Rank: #710837 in Books
  • Published on: 2012-12-07
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.18" h x 1.19" w x 6.34" l, 1.88 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 454 pages

From The New England Journal of Medicine
Two theses form the structure of this book: that the Black Death was the bubonic form of the rodent disease Yersinia pestis and was spread by fleas, and that it killed 60 percent or more of Europe's population with its first strike alone. To sustain these theses, the author has divided the book into 34 chapters that chart the spread of the plague country by country, even to places where few, if any, sources survive. But in places without sources or where the appearance of the Black Death was not reported, Benedictow nonetheless asserts that the plague struck and, except for a few tiny, isolated islands of population, killed 60 percent or more. In his argument that the plague was caused by Y. pestis, Benedictow relies heavily on the reports of the Indian Plague Research Commission, which were published during the first two decades of the 20th century. However, he has read these reports selectively. For instance, he maintains that the black rat (Rattus rattus) was responsible for plague in the years 1346 through 1353 as well as during the 20th century, but the Indian plague researchers found as many dead brown rats as black ones in dwellings where infection was active. In other, subtropical, zones such as northern Africa, scientists found that the black rat was the least important rat in the spread of plague to human populations; the brown rat and others such as Mus alexandrinus proved more deadly. Benedictow claims that "plague normally arrived with persons unwittingly carrying infective rat fleas in their clothing or luggage." But from studies of the clothing and luggage of tens of thousands of people migrating from plague-stricken regions, the plague commissioners concluded overwhelmingly that Y. pestis was not transmitted by these means. Benedictow argues that the Black Death and Y. pestis were both specific to households in terms of mortality -- if one member of a household contracted plague, the others soon became infected. The plague commissioners found the opposite to be true: in less than 4 percent of households was more than one person per household infected. Benedictow maintains that people in well-built stone housing were protected against plague because rats could not enter these dwellings. The plague commissioners again discovered the opposite: that rats penetrated stone and brick houses, even those with cement floors, inflicting some of the highest rates of death in these residences, whereas often some of the poorest people, living in bamboo huts, fared much better. Benedictow claims that during both plagues hospital workers were more susceptible than others. Yet in study after study, the plague commissioners reported that "the safest place to be in plague time is the plague ward." To their surprise, and in contrast to the experience during the Black Death, Y. pestis is hardly contagious even in its pneumonic form. Historians have realized since the work of Graham Twigg, in 1984, that the Black Death and the subtropical Y. pestis traveled at vastly different speeds. Even with the railway and the steamship, the 20th-century plague, because of its dependence on the homebound rat, spread overland at about 8 miles per year, whereas the contagious Black Death almost equaled that speed per day. Nonetheless, Benedictow tries to bring the two time frames closer together. He speeds up the 20th-century plague by reporting infection times only for California, where the disease is carried by the prairie dog, not the homebound rat, and has been known to move as fast as 15 miles per year. Benedictow devotes considerably more space to the slowing of the Black Death. For instance, he makes claims for earlier dates of departure of the plague at a given place, arguing that chroniclers or wills recorded the disease only after it had struck the elite members of a population; but then he does not use the same rules when discussing the plague's arrival at a second place. More often, however, Benedictow casts aside any rate of disease spread that was faster than he likes: at these junctures, the Black Death made "metastatic leaps." But even with his various stratagems, his results still show the medieval plague traveling 30 times as fast as the modern one -- a discrepancy he does not explain or even admit to. Casuistic sleights of hand plague Benedictow's demography almost as much as they do his epidemiology. When the data do not cooperate, he questions or rejects them outright. For instance, statistics from Mallorca show mortality rates of only 23 percent, but Benedictow brushes them aside, claiming that they are "infested with major problems of demography, sociology and source criticism both with respect to the level of total mortality" -- that is, Benedictow's thesis that the Black Death everywhere killed off 60 percent or more of populations -- "and to the distribution of mortality between town and countryside." Benedictow claims that the distribution of mortality rates for the Black Death shows the patterns of Y. pestis infection in 20th-century India -- that the larger the population of a given place, the lower its rate of mortality. To make the data from the two plagues fit, he not only argues that the mortality rate from the Black Death was greater than the records say, he also argues the opposite, asserting that the most authoritative population statistics for Florence, Italy, for instance -- those of Herlihy and Klapisch -- are wrong, simply because they do not square with the Y. pestis deaths distributed over city and countryside. But, again, ultimately even his manipulation of the figures fails: his doctored mortality rates for the midsize town of Prato, in Italy, and the smaller villages of its countryside (contado), for instance, were the same (42.5 to 45 percent), and both were considerably lower than the rates for its much larger regional center, Florence. Benedictow's two overarching theses collide in the end. The mortality figures for Y. pestis, even in India -- where 95 percent of deaths from plague have been recorded since the discovery of the bacillus in 1894 -- accounted for less than 1 percent of India's population even during the years of highest mortality from plague. One must compare this with Benedictow's claim that 60 percent or more of Europe died from the Black Death in a single strike of the disease. Samuel K. Cohn, Jr., Ph.D.
Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. The New England Journal of Medicine is a registered trademark of the MMS.

Review
Benedictow's book is highly recommended. It is well written and accompanied by many helpful maps and tables of data. STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE TEACHINGThe thoroughness and precision of (Benedictow's) research are admirable. (...) Opens a treasure trove of correct information. There is no doubt that (the book) should be acquired by all university libraries. FIFTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIESEvery library that covers population studies, epistemology, or medieval history should have a copy of Benedictow's book. POPULATION STUDIES & DEVELOPMENTA book which should be on every Late-Medievalist's bookshelf. It is packed with valuable and well-considered accounts. ... A wonderful compilation of data which will be widely used for many years to come. MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY(This) remarkable, engrossing and controversial study is the first to assemble and synthesize historical data from every region in which the Black Death wrought havoc. (...) An immense and entirely breathtaking feat of scholarship...and a moving quest to account for a cruel phenomenon. TLS(This) magisterial account mixes demographic research, meticulous reading of the chronicles and modern bacteriology. THE GUARDIAN The author...has achieved a Herculean task in reviewing a very large part of the literature on the pestilential disease or set of diseases that afflicted Europe from 1346 to 1353. THE MEDIEVAL REVIEW A valuable addition to the historiography of the Black Death. Highly recommended. CHOICEAmbitious and contentious. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEWThose looking for a vast compendium of local data will not be disappointed. SPECULUM

About the Author
OLE J. BENEDICTOW is Professor of History at the University of Oslo.

Most helpful customer reviews

27 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
A suggestion for the microbiologist reviewer
By E'beth B
Please rethink your conclusions about this work. The authors whom you prefer have been shown to have used poor research methods and were at the further disadvantage (in the 1980s)of not having access to the DNA in the dental pulp extracted from known plague victims from both the second and third pandemics of plague. The pathogens causing modern diseases may actually be less "fragile" or likely to have acquired gene sequences from coexisting microbes than those of the Middle Ages, and yet we are certainly seeing rapid and unpredictable mutations in potentially lethal modern pathogens (H5N1) which may be the cause of the next pandemic. The Black Death no doubt owes some of its extreme lethality to its mutations within short spans of time and geography. The role of the HUMAN flea (P. irritans) and the common body louse, with which medieval person was rife, may have been more effective vectors of transmission than we might expect with our modern experiences with them. In fact, the human flea (not the rat flea) was further altered in its ability to tranfer the pathogen into the human bloodstream by the time of the 19th century plague episode. Conditions in Europe at the time of the 14th c.Black Death were more conducive to the human to human transmission of plague, no doubt, at least in its pneumonic form. As we see modern diseases mutate, so must the early Y. Pestis have mutated into extreme lethality. I suggest you read the conclusions of Michel Drancourt and Didier Raoult and their work on the extraction of Y. pestis DNA from the dental pulp of known plague victims. Your skepticism about Y. pestis may be put to rest. Yersinia pestis was the cause of the medieval plague, even if other diseases were active contemporaries! John Kelly also has a very cogent argument as to how the deadly disease gained a foothold in first the Asian Steppe and rapidly spread across Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, even Greenland.

18 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Shaky history
By E. N. Anderson
Possibly I can inject a moderate voice into the rather polarized reviews so far. Benedictow certainly demonstrates, and so have many others, that bubonic plague was involved and could spread faster than we thought. On the other hand, he overgeneralizes local extreme kill rates, and he writes as if no other diseases were involved in the great death peak of 1346-1353. This would mean that all the other diseases that constantly afflicted medieval Europe somehow took a holiday! In fact, we have known since at least Han Zinsser's RATS, LICE AND HISTORY in 1937, to say nothing of the more up-to-date, careful work of Graham Twigg, that other diseases must have taken full advantage of the opportunity caused by social breakdown. And, as Benedictow says, that breakdown caused many to die of sheer starvation and lack of care. Infants who lost parents almost always died, sick or no. We must assume that _Yersinia pestis_ killed only some of the many victims.

We can, however, assume it killed far more than it would in modern India or Africa, because in most of Europe it was a virgin-soil epidemic. People had no evolved or acquired immunity. They were sitting ducks. As to its being there: As Eliz B notes in her review, plenty of plague DNA has been found in the victims, quite apart from perfectly sober and convincing contemporary accounts, which DO include plenty of notes on dying rats.

I have to say, I am annoyed by modern "scholarship" on the plague. There is some good work (David Herlihy, etc.), but too many people take undefensible, extreme positions--maintaining that it was all plague, or that no plague was involved at all. One recent book even proposes an Ebola-like virus, in spite of the obvious fact that Ebola puts itself out of business by killing or immunizing everyone in a village it strikes. We are better off with the classic works of Zinsser, Shrewsbury, Twigg, and Cipolla--they're out of date, but better out of date than rhetorically exaggerating and noncredible. I wish that more historians, with fewer axes to grind, would look at this epidemic.

29 of 39 people found the following review helpful.
Too many gaps for this microbiologist
By Micro Man
I am a research scientist and I have given much study to the nature of the Black Death and its recurring epidemics through the late 17th Century. After reading this book I am left with several pages of criticisms I have noted as I progressed from chapter to chapter. On innumerable instances very firm statements of fact are made regarding any number of subjects and absolutely no sources are provided. In some instances, even when referring to advanced concepts such as evolution of host:parasite interactions over time this is explained as common knowledge ("It was well known that...") with zero sources provided. Within the past 20 years a sizeable body of highly compelling research into the true identity of the causative agent of the Black Death has been conducted. Any serious student of the Black Death, microbiology/bacteriology, epidemiology or medieval history is doing themselves a disservice if they fail to examine at least one publication from this body of research. These include "Biology of Plagues" and "Return of the Black Death" by Susan Scott & Christopher Duncan; "The Black Death: a Biological Reappraisal" by Graham Twigg; "The Black Death Transformed" by Samuel K. Cohn; and "The Black Death and the Transformation of the West" by David Herlihy. The book reviewed here was published in 2004 and it takes the position that Yersinia pestis was the causative agent of the Black Death. Although this theory is certainly not new and has been advanced countless times before, this book fails to address the large body of evidence that counters this theory. While this is an understandable shortcoming of publications from over twenty years ago, it is not unreasonable to expect a current publication on the subject to at the very least acknowledge the existence of such evidence. To further strengthen the argument for Y. pestis, when contemporary sources describing the Black Death make assertions that are irreconcilable with modern data regarding Y. pestis the original sources are explained away as exaggerations and "tall tales". This book had great potential to address poorly studied aspects of the Black Death. Unfortunately, the poor documentation of sources and one-sided approach to data analysis of this book casts a shadow over its data and its conclusions.

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